Premedicine/Predentistry
Majors:
The Bachelor of Science, Predentistry and the Bachelor of Science, Premedicine may be pursued in conjunction with the Neuroscience co-major.
Minor:
The Bachelor of Science with a major in premedicine (MED) or predentistry (DEN) is an interdisciplinary curriculum of study. It is distinctively designed to provide a science-based, diverse education as a preparation for admission to any of the health professional schools including medical, dental, physician assistant, anesthesiologist assistant, optometry, pharmacy, veterinary, and chiropractic. Courses in biology, chemistry, mathematics, and physics comprise the science core of the major. A substantial complement of humanities and social sciences courses are also required. Within this framework the curriculum is flexible and can be tailored to suit personal interests. During the first two years, students enroll in courses appropriate for entry into professional schools while they also fulfill basic University requirements.
Admission to professional schools depends upon many factors in addition to the curriculum or major. Academic standing, performance on standardized examinations, practical experience relevant to the profession of interest, and adherence to application procedures are all important. Premedical Programs addresses these factors for premedicine and predentistry majors through our seminar courses including First Year Seminar (ASI 150), Sophomore Seminar (MED 299), and Capstone (MED 480).
Along with the administration of the DEN and MED majors, the Pre-Health Resource Center acts as the focal point for all matters related to admission to any allied health care professional school. It is an information clearing house, functions as a liaison with professional schools, and coordinates the application process. The Pre-Health Resource Center also coordinates a number of internships, health related student organizations, and community based clinical opportunities for students. Students in any major planning to apply to professional schools are urged to maintain a close relationship with this office.
The University automatically enrolls entering premedical or predental majors into our section of First Year Seminar (ASI 150). Each premedicine and predentistry student is assigned to a dedicated premedicine or predentistry advisor. However, advising services are available to all preprofessional students regardless of their major.
In addition to providing advising, the Pre-Health Resource Center offers a seminar series, clinical opportunities, grants for health care related experiences, and scholarships. Since admission to professional schools is highly selective, the program monitors the academic progress of MED/DEN majors, and provides feedback at the end of the first and second year. Transfers to other majors, particularly to science majors, can usually be accommodated during the first two years without affecting normal progress towards graduation.
FACULTY LISTINGS
Bachelor of Science, Predentistry (DEN) minimum 120 hours
The Common Academic Program (CAP) is an innovative curriculum that is the foundation of a University of Dayton education. It is a learning experience that is shared in common among all undergraduate students, regardless of their major. Some CAP requirements must be fulfilled by courses taken at UD. Some major requirements must also be fulfilled by courses taken at UD. Students should consult with their advisor regarding applicability of transfer credit to fulfill CAP and major program requirements.
Common Academic Program (CAP) 1 | ||
First-Year Humanities Commons 2 | 6 cr. hrs. | |
Chaminade Seminar: Reading and Responding to the Signs of the Times | ||
Marie Thérèse Seminar: Human Dignity and the Common Good | ||
Second-Year Writing Seminar | 3 cr. hrs. | |
Oral Communication | 3 cr. hrs. | |
Mathematics | 3 cr. hrs. | |
Social Science | 3 cr. hrs. | |
Arts | 3 cr. hrs. | |
Natural Science 3 | 4 cr. hrs. | |
Crossing Boundaries | 9 cr. hrs. | |
Faith Traditions (3 cr. hrs.) | ||
Practical Ethical Action (3 cr. hrs.) | ||
Interdisciplinary Investigations (3 cr. hrs.) 4 | ||
Advanced Study | 9 cr. hrs. | |
Religious Studies (3 cr. hrs.) | ||
Philosophical Studies (3 cr. hrs.) | ||
Historical Studies (3 cr. hrs.) | ||
Diversity and Social Justice 5 | 3 cr. hrs. | |
Major Capstone 6 | 0-6 cr. hrs. | |
Experiential Learning 7 | 0-3 cr. hrs. |
1 | The credit hours listed reflect what is needed to complete each CAP component. However, they should not be viewed as a cumulative addition to a student's degree requirements because many CAP courses are designed to satisfy more than one CAP component (e.g., Crossing Boundaries and Advanced Studies) and may also satisfy requirements in the student's major. |
2 | May be completed with ASI 110 through the Core Program. |
3 | Must include a lecture course and an accompanying lab. |
4 | New Crossing Boundaries category effective with the 2025-26 Catalog, which incorporates all courses previously approved in the Crossing Boundaries Inquiry or Integrative categories. This new category does not include any restriction that students must take the course outside of their unit or division. |
5 | May not double count with First-Year Humanities Commons, Second-Year Writing, Oral Communication, Social Science, or Natural Science CAP components, but may double count with courses taken to satisfy other CAP components and/or courses taken in the student's major. |
6 | The course or experience is designed by faculty in each major; it may, or may not, be assigned credit hours. |
7 | The course or experience will have variable credit, depending on the intensity and duration of the experience, or where it is housed in existing curricular and co-curricular spaces. |
Foundations | ||
Satisfies CAP Mathematics, Natural Science, and Social Science | ||
Mathematics | 6 | |
Introductory Calculus I 1 | ||
or MTH 168 | Analytic Geometry & Calculus I | |
Introduction to Statistics | ||
or MTH 367 | Statistical Methods I | |
or PSY 216 | Elementary Statistics | |
Natural Science | 24-27 | |
Concepts of Biology I: Cellular & Molecular Biology and Concepts of Biology Laboratory I: Cellular & Molecular Biology | ||
Concepts of Biology II: Evolution & Ecology and Concepts of Biology Laboratory II: Evolution & Ecology | ||
General Chemistry I and General Chemistry Laboratory | ||
General Chemistry II and General Chemistry II Laboratory | ||
College Physics I and College Physics II 2 | ||
General Physics I - Mechanics and General Physics II - Electricity & Magnetism and General Physics III- Thermodynamics, Waves, and Fluids | ||
College Physics Laboratory I and College Physics Laboratory II | ||
Social and Behavioral Sciences | 9 | |
9 credits in ANT, ECO, POL, PSY, SOC, SWK | ||
English 3 | 3 | |
Any ENG elective: 300-or 400- level | ||
Ethics | 3 | |
Select one: | ||
Ethics | ||
Medical Ethics | ||
Christian Theology and Environmental Ethics | ||
Christian Ethics & Health Care Issues | ||
Total Hours | 45-48 |
Major Requirements | ||
CHM 313 & 313L | Organic Chemistry and Organic Chemistry Laboratory | 4 |
CHM 314 & 314L | Organic Chemistry and Organic Chemistry Laboratory | 4 |
CHM 420 & 420L | Biochemistry and Biochemistry Lab for the Medical Sciences | 4 |
MED 230 | Community Pre-Dental Experience | 1 |
or MED 339 | International Medical Experience | |
MED 299 | Sophomore Seminar | 1 |
MED 480 | Pre-Medicine Capstone (Satisfies CAP Major Capstone) | 1 |
Select five science courses, two with accompanying laboratories, from: 4 | 17 | |
Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates and Comparative Anatomy Laboratory | ||
General Genetics and Genetics Laboratory | ||
Physiology I and Physiology Laboratory I | ||
Physiology II | ||
General Microbiology and General Microbiology Laboratory | ||
Genetics Human Diseases | ||
Virology | ||
Neurobiology and Neurobiology Laboratory | ||
Neurobiology of Disease | ||
Immunology and Immunology Laboratory | ||
Analysis & Interpretation of Biological Data | ||
Cell Biology and Cell Biology Laboratory | ||
Developmental Biology and Developmental Biology Laboratory | ||
Evolution & Development | ||
Molecular Biology | ||
Biology of Infectious Disease | ||
Cancer Biology | ||
Human Anatomy and Human Anatomy Laboratory | ||
Principles of Microscopy and Principles of Microscopy Laboratory | ||
Quantitative Analysis and Quantitative Analysis Laboratory | ||
Physical Chemistry | ||
Medicinal Chemistry | ||
General Biochemistry I | ||
General Biochemistry II | ||
Rational Drug Design | ||
Metabolism and Human Disease | ||
Total Hours | 32 |
Breadth | ||
ASI 150 | Introduction to the University Experience | 1 |
Electives 5 | ||
Total Hours to total at least | 120 |
1 | Well qualified students are advised to take MTH 168. |
2 | Well qualified students are advised to take PHY 206-PHY 207-PHY 208 lecture sequence with PHY 201L and PHY 202L. |
3 | Select from any 300 or 400 level ENG course. |
4 | The elective courses must be directly related to the primary field of interest. |
5 | Only general elective courses can be taken under Grading Option Two. |
Bachelor of Science, Premedicine (MED) minimum 120 hours
The Common Academic Program (CAP) is an innovative curriculum that is the foundation of a University of Dayton education. It is a learning experience that is shared in common among all undergraduate students, regardless of their major. Some CAP requirements must be fulfilled by courses taken at UD. Some major requirements must also be fulfilled by courses taken at UD. Students should consult with their advisor regarding applicability of transfer credit to fulfill CAP and major program requirements.
Common Academic Program (CAP) 1 | ||
First-Year Humanities Commons 2 | 6 cr. hrs. | |
Chaminade Seminar: Reading and Responding to the Signs of the Times | ||
Marie Thérèse Seminar: Human Dignity and the Common Good | ||
Second-Year Writing Seminar | 3 cr. hrs. | |
Oral Communication | 3 cr. hrs. | |
Mathematics | 3 cr. hrs. | |
Social Science | 3 cr. hrs. | |
Arts | 3 cr. hrs. | |
Natural Science 3 | 4 cr. hrs. | |
Crossing Boundaries | 9 cr. hrs. | |
Faith Traditions (3 cr. hrs.) | ||
Practical Ethical Action (3 cr. hrs.) | ||
Interdisciplinary Investigations (3 cr. hrs.) 4 | ||
Advanced Study | 9 cr. hrs. | |
Religious Studies (3 cr. hrs.) | ||
Philosophical Studies (3 cr. hrs.) | ||
Historical Studies (3 cr. hrs.) | ||
Diversity and Social Justice 5 | 3 cr. hrs. | |
Major Capstone 6 | 0-6 cr. hrs. | |
Experiential Learning 7 | 0-3 cr. hrs. |
1 | The credit hours listed reflect what is needed to complete each CAP component. However, they should not be viewed as a cumulative addition to a student's degree requirements because many CAP courses are designed to satisfy more than one CAP component (e.g., Crossing Boundaries and Advanced Studies) and may also satisfy requirements in the student's major. |
2 | May be completed with ASI 110 through the Core Program. |
3 | Must include a lecture course and an accompanying lab. |
4 | New Crossing Boundaries category effective with the 2025-26 Catalog, which incorporates all courses previously approved in the Crossing Boundaries Inquiry or Integrative categories. This new category does not include any restriction that students must take the course outside of their unit or division. |
5 | May not double count with First-Year Humanities Commons, Second-Year Writing, Oral Communication, Social Science, or Natural Science CAP components, but may double count with courses taken to satisfy other CAP components and/or courses taken in the student's major. |
6 | The course or experience is designed by faculty in each major; it may, or may not, be assigned credit hours. |
7 | The course or experience will have variable credit, depending on the intensity and duration of the experience, or where it is housed in existing curricular and co-curricular spaces. |
Foundations | ||
Satisfies CAP Mathematics, Natural Science, and Social Science | ||
Mathematics | 6 | |
Introductory Calculus I 1 | ||
or MTH 168 | Analytic Geometry & Calculus I | |
Introduction to Statistics | ||
or MTH 367 | Statistical Methods I | |
or PSY 216 | Elementary Statistics | |
Natural Science | 24-27 | |
Concepts of Biology I: Cellular & Molecular Biology and Concepts of Biology Laboratory I: Cellular & Molecular Biology | ||
Concepts of Biology II: Evolution & Ecology and Concepts of Biology Laboratory II: Evolution & Ecology | ||
General Chemistry I and General Chemistry Laboratory | ||
General Chemistry II and General Chemistry II Laboratory | ||
College Physics I and College Physics II 2 | ||
General Physics I - Mechanics and General Physics II - Electricity & Magnetism and General Physics III- Thermodynamics, Waves, and Fluids | ||
College Physics Laboratory I and College Physics Laboratory II | ||
Social and Behavioral Sciences | 9 | |
9 credits in ANT, ECO, POL, PSY, SOC, SWK | ||
English 3 | 3 | |
Any ENG elective: 300- or 400- level | ||
Ethics | 3 | |
Select one: | ||
Ethics | ||
Medical Ethics | ||
Christian Theology and Environmental Ethics | ||
Christian Ethics & Health Care Issues | ||
Total Hours | 45-48 |
Major Requirements | ||
CHM 313 & 313L | Organic Chemistry and Organic Chemistry Laboratory | 4 |
CHM 314 & 314L | Organic Chemistry and Organic Chemistry Laboratory | 4 |
CHM 420 & 420L | Biochemistry and Biochemistry Lab for the Medical Sciences | 4 |
MED 299 | Sophomore Seminar | 1 |
MED 210 | Premed Community Health Experience | 1 |
or MED 220 | Hospital Elder Life Program | |
or MED 339 | International Medical Experience | |
MED 480 | Pre-Medicine Capstone (Satisfies CAP Major Capstone) | 1 |
Select five science courses, two with accompanying laboratories, from: 4 | 17 | |
Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates and Comparative Anatomy Laboratory | ||
General Genetics and Genetics Laboratory | ||
Physiology I and Physiology Laboratory I | ||
Physiology II | ||
General Microbiology and General Microbiology Laboratory | ||
Genetics Human Diseases | ||
Virology | ||
Neurobiology and Neurobiology Laboratory | ||
Neurobiology of Disease | ||
Immunology and Immunology Laboratory | ||
Analysis & Interpretation of Biological Data | ||
Cell Biology and Cell Biology Laboratory | ||
Developmental Biology and Developmental Biology Laboratory | ||
Evolution & Development | ||
Molecular Biology | ||
Biology of Infectious Disease | ||
Cancer Biology | ||
Human Anatomy and Human Anatomy Laboratory | ||
Principles of Microscopy and Principles of Microscopy Laboratory | ||
Quantitative Analysis and Quantitative Analysis Laboratory | ||
Physical Chemistry | ||
Medicinal Chemistry | ||
General Biochemistry I | ||
General Biochemistry II | ||
Rational Drug Design | ||
Metabolism and Human Disease | ||
Total Hours | 32 |
Breadth | ||
ASI 150 | Introduction to the University Experience | 1 |
Electives 5 | ||
Total Hours to total at least | 120 |
1 | Well qualified students are advised to take MTH 168. |
2 | Well qualified students are advised to take PHY 206-PHY 207-PHY 208 lecture sequence with PHY 201L and PHY 202L. |
3 | Select from any 300 or 400 level ENG course. |
4 | The elective courses must be directly related to the primary field of interest. |
5 | Only general elective courses can be taken under Grading Option Two. |
Minor in Medicine and Society (MDS)
The minor in Medicine and Society provides students with an interdisciplinary approach to 1) understanding contemporary complexities of accessing, delivering, and receiving healthcare, and 2) understanding how issues related to medicine, health, healing and illness impact individuals and communities.
The minor includes courses in the social science fields as well as humanities disciplines. For students planning a career in healthcare, understanding the ethical, anthropological, social, and psychological issues related to medicine can help them become more effective and compassionate providers.
For students with academic or professional interests in the intersections between health and society, the minor offers a collection of perspectives that can inform their future studies and careers. The minor will engage students from all majors who want to better understand the institution and practice of medicine and its position in, effects on, and responses to society.
Students can earn the Medicine and Society minor by completing the two required courses and three additional courses from the approved course list.
The Medicine and Society minor is housed in Premedical Programs.
Required Courses | ||
ANT 336 | Topics in Medical Anthropology | 3 |
SOC/SWK 380 | Health and Inequality | 3 |
or HSS 217 | Social Determinants of Health | |
Choose any 3 of the following: 1 | 9 | |
Communication for Health Professionals | ||
Health Communication | ||
Health Literacy and Social Justice | ||
Writing in the Health Professions | ||
Medical Ethics | ||
Health Policy | ||
Health Psychology | ||
Christian Ethics & Health Care Issues | ||
Spanish for the Health Professions | ||
Mental Health Services | ||
Perspectives on Aging | ||
Death, Dying and Suicide | ||
Anatomy Drawing for Non-Majors | ||
Total Hours | 15 |
1 | Additional courses may be approved by the Program Director. |
Bachelor of Science, Predentistry
First Year | |||
---|---|---|---|
Fall | Hours | Spring | Hours |
ASI 150 | 1 | BIO 152 & 152L | 4 |
BIO 151 & 151L | 4 | CHM 124 & 124L | 4 |
CHM 123 & 123L | 4 | MTH 207 | 3 |
MTH 148 | 3 | HUM 102 | 3 |
HUM 101 | 3 | PSY 101 or SOC 101 | 3 |
15 | 17 | ||
Second Year | |||
Fall | Hours | Spring | Hours |
CHM 313 & 313L | 4 | CHM 314 & 314L | 4 |
PHY 201 & 201L | 4 | PHY 202 & 202L | 4 |
ENG 200 | 3 | CMM 100 | 3 |
MED 299 | 1 | MED 230 or 339 | 1 |
Social Science elective | 3 | Social Science elective | 3 |
15 | 15 | ||
Third Year | |||
Fall | Hours | Spring | Hours |
CHM 420 & 420L | 4 | MED 480 (CAP Capstone) | 1 |
Biomedical Science elective | 3 | PHL 312, 315, REL 365, or REL 367 (CAP Practical Ethical Action and Advanced Philosopical Studies or Advanced Religious Studies) | 3 |
CAP Interdisciplinary Investigations | 3 | Biomedical Science elective | 3 |
English elective (300-400 level) | 3 | Biomedical Science elective | 3 |
CAP Arts elective | 3 | Social Science elective | 3 |
16 | 13 | ||
Fourth Year | |||
Fall | Hours | Spring | Hours |
Biomedical Science elective with lab | 4 | Biomedical Science elective with lab | 4 |
CAP Faith Traditions | 3 | CAP Advanced Philosophical Studies or Advanced Religious Studies(Whichever has not been completed) | 3 |
CAP Advanced Historical Studies | 3 | CAP Diversity and Social Justice | 3 |
General electives | 6 | General elective | 3 |
16 | 13 | ||
Total credit hours: 120 |
Bachelor of Science, Premedicine
First Year | |||
---|---|---|---|
Fall | Hours | Spring | Hours |
ASI 150 | 1 | BIO 152 & 152L | 4 |
BIO 151 & 151L | 4 | CHM 124 & 124L | 4 |
CHM 123 & 123L | 4 | MTH 207 | 3 |
MTH 148 | 3 | HUM 102 | 3 |
HUM 101 | 3 | PSY 101 or SOC 101 | 3 |
15 | 17 | ||
Second Year | |||
Fall | Hours | Spring | Hours |
CHM 313 & 313L | 4 | CHM 314 & 314L | 4 |
PHY 201 & 201L | 4 | PHY 202 & 202L | 4 |
ENG 200 | 3 | CMM 100 | 3 |
MED 299 | 1 | MED 210, 220, or 339 | 1 |
Social Science elective | 3 | Social Science elective | 3 |
15 | 15 | ||
Third Year | |||
Fall | Hours | Spring | Hours |
CHM 420 & 420L | 4 | MED 480 (CAP Capstone) | 1 |
Biomedical Science elective | 3 | Biomedical Science elective | 3 |
CAP Interdisciplinary Investigations | 3 | Biomedical Science elective | 3 |
English elective (300-400 level) | 3 | Social Science elective | 3 |
CAP Arts elective | 3 | PHL 312, 315, REL 365, or REL 367 (CAP Practical Ethical Action and Advanced Philosopical Studies or Advanced Religious Studies) | 3 |
16 | 13 | ||
Fourth Year | |||
Fall | Hours | Spring | Hours |
Biomedical Science elective with lab | 4 | Biomedical Science elective with lab | 4 |
CAP Faith Traditions | 3 | CAP Advanced Philosophical Studies or Advanced Religious Studies(Whichever has not been completed) | 3 |
CAP Advanced Historical Studies | 3 | CAP Diversity and Social Justice | 3 |
General electives | 6 | General elective | 3 |
16 | 13 | ||
Total credit hours: 120 |
Courses
MED 210. Premed Community Health Experience. 0-1 Hours
This course focuses on healthcare for under-served populations and provides students with the broader context around social and health inequities. Students meet for class most weeks of the semester and shadow and volunteer at a local medical clinic. Students will learn about the complexities of providing healthcare to under-served populations and develop interpersonal skills to be empathetic and informed advocates for patients. Students must complete some pre-semester requirements.
Prerequisites: Sophomore status.
MED 220. Hospital Elder Life Program. 0-1 Hours
This course provides an experiential opportunity to volunteer with the Hospital Elder Life Program at Miami Valley Hospital. HELP is an innovative program designed to improve the hospital experience for older patients. Student volunteers will be trained to carry out bedside interventions and experience a high level of patient contact and responsibility. Students must complete all elements of the pre-semester training program, which includes online modules and a day-long orientation at MVH before the semester begins.
Prerequisites: Sophomore status.
MED 230. Community Pre-Dental Experience. 1 Hour
This course focuses on healthcare for under-served populations and provides students with the broader context around social and health inequities. Students meet for class most weeks of the semester and shadow and volunteer at a local dental clinic. Students will learn about the complexities of providing health and dental care to under-served populations and develop interpersonal skills to be empathetic and informed advocates for patients. Students must complete some pre-semester requirements.
Prerequisites: Sophomore status.
MED 277. Medical Documentation and Scribing. 2 Hours
This course is intended to orient students to the complexities of documentation in electronic medical record. In addition to learning the basics of documentation, students will be provided an opportunity to practice scribing into a medical record.
MED 299. Sophomore Seminar. 1 Hour
This course will orient students to the career options available for MED/DEN majors, and guide students in planning for matriculation to health professional school.
Prerequisite(s): Sophomore status.
MED 309. Medical Terminology for Premeds. 1 Hour
This course will instruct students on the basics of the language of medicine as taught by a practicing family physician. Real-world scenarios and case studies presented from actual clinical practice will enhance the motivated student's ability to learn medical terminology. Skills mastered in this class will remain with the future physician or healthcare worker for the remainder of their career.
MED 339. International Medical Experience. 1 Hour
Exploration of global health issues in preparation for an international experience with a partnering organization. Students must apply through the Center for International Programs and comply with requirements specific to the travel location and partnering organization.
MED 351. Healthy Children: Addressing Social Needs to Improve Health Outcomes. 1 Hour
Examination of the social needs of pediatric patients and families' social needs that most affect children’s health. Will include methods of helping families connect with community resources that can assist in meeting these needs.
Prerequisite(s): Sophomore Standing, basic orientation to healthcare or human service industries.
MED 401. Global Regulatory and Legal Framework of Quality in Industry and Business. 3 Hours
This course will provide an overview of regulations for the pharmaceutical, medical device, biotech, animal health, and consumer goods industries. Students will be introduced to fundamental concepts in the regulations related to clinical trial development, management, ethics, data integrity, data security, privacy, change control and validation.
MED 402. Product Development and Validation in Life Sciences. 3 Hours
This course will give students an understanding of the processes used in the pharmaceutical, medical device, and pharmaceutical industries for the development of new products. Students will learn the scientific principles used in such developments that ensure that products meet quality standards.
Prerequisites: MED 401.
MED 403. Risk and Failure Analysis in Quality Science. 3 Hours
Through the use of historical risk analysis techniques, such as FMEA, Fault Tree, and 5 Why’s, students will analyze a holistic set of data (in-production, across product lines, across equipment, human variability, on-market, on-stability, validation studies, change control, etc.) and identify effective corrective and preventative actions (CAPA).
Prerequisites: MED 401.
MED 477. Honors Thesis Project. 3 Hours
First of two courses leading to the selection, design, investigation, and completion of an independent, original Honors Thesis project under the guidance of a faculty research advisor. Restricted to students in the University Honors Program with permission of the program director and department chairperson. Students pursuing an interdisciplinary thesis topic may register for three semester hours each in two separate disciplines in consultation with the department chairpersons. Prerequisite(s): Approval of University Honors Program.
MED 478. Honors Thesis Project. 3 Hours
Second of two courses leading to the selection, design, investigation, and completion of an independent, original Honors Thesis project under the guidance of a faculty research advisor. Restricted to students in the University Honors Program with permission of the program director and department chairperson. Students pursuing an interdisciplinary thesis topic may register for three semester hours each in two separate disciplines in consultation with the department chairpersons. Prerequisite(s): Approved 477; approval of University Honors Program.
MED 480. Pre-Medicine Capstone. 0-1 Hours
Seminar focuses on reflection and analysis of a clinical experience course, and preparation for applying to health professional school. Course offered in Spring semester. Junior or Senior status. MED or DEN major.
Prerequisites: MED 210 or MED 220 or MED 230 or MED 339.